Bounties
The FTA protects itself by issuing a bounty for anyone who destroys FTA infrastructure or who destroys other ships/infrastructure at the same L-point as an FTA-managed gate.
Currently, the EVE Frontier systems are limited when it comes to Killmails. Killmails only include the player who delivered the killing blow (not any of the other involved parties, unlike EVE Online killmails), and don't include any details about what type of ship/structure, inventory, fitted components, etc. were destroyed.
These limitations mean that there is currently no way to estimate the value of what was destroyed in a killmail, making it impossible to scale the paid-out bounty based on the value of what was destroyed. Additionally, bounties can only be placed on the character who delivered the killing blow, not the entire group of characters who participated.
There is also currently no mechanism to identify attacks/aggression that do not result in complete destruction of a ship or structure. This means that FTA cannot currently issue bounties for characters who cause damage but do not fully destroy anything.
Therefore, the current bounty system is quite simple until CCP implements the features necessary for a more comprehensive bounty system. Fees are collected from every purchase of a jump permit (a percentage of the base fee) and collected in a "bounty pool" that can only be used to pay out bounties (cannot be accessed by developers or any other player). 1% of the total bounty pool is paid out to the character who delivered the killing blow to any character that is currently on the bounty list. A character remains on the bounty list until they have been killed 5 times.
This system will be updated once CCP implements additional functionality. The current implementation can be seen here.